|
|
|||||||
|
Advertisement
|
References
1. Brenner BM (ed). The Kidney (6th ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000. 2. Denker BM, Chertow GM, Owen WF. Hemodialysis. In Brenner BM (ed), The Kidney (6th ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000:23732453. 3. Gobbi G, Bertani G, Pini A. Electrolyte, sporadic, metabolic, and endocrine disorders. In Engel J, Pedley TA (eds), Epilepsy: a Comprehensive Textbook. Philadelphia: LippincottRaven, 1998;26052627. 4. Bergstrom J. Uremia is an intoxication. Kidney Int 1985;28[Suppl 17]:5254. 5. DeDeyn PP, Saxena VK, Abts H, et al. Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of neurological complications of renal failure. Acta Neurolog Belg 1992;92:191206. 6. Raskin NA, Fishman RA. Neurologic disorders in renal failure (part I). N Engl J Med 1976;294:143148. 7. Aicardi J. Diseases of the nervous system in children (Clinics in developmental medicine; No 115/118). London: MacKeith Press, 1992;12411278. 8. Arieff AI. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: current concepts on pathogenesis and prevention. Kidney Int 1994;45:629635. 9. Galous JP, Trouard T, Gmitro AS, et al. Hemodialysis increases apparent diffusion coefficient of brain water in nephrectomized rats measured by isotopic diffusion-weighted magnetic imaging. J Clin Invest 1996;98:750755. 10. Arieff AI, Guisado R, Massry SG, Lazarowitz VC. Central nervous system pH in uremia and effects of hemodialysis. J Clin Invest 1976;58:306311. 11. Silver SM, Sterns RH, Halperin ML. Brain swelling after dialysis: old urea or new osmoles? Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28:113. 12. Kennedy AC. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1970;29:213220. 13. Saunders MG, Westmoreland BF. The EEG in evaluation of disorders affecting the brain diffusely. In Klass DW, Daly DD (eds), Current practice of clinical electroencephalography. New York: Raven Press, 1979;343379. 14. Boyer J, Gill GN, Epstein FH. Hypoglycemia and hyperosmolality complicating dialysis. Ann Intern Med 1967;67:568572. 15. Waking KG. The pathophysiology of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Mayo Clinic Proc 1969;44:406429. 16. Pillion G, Loirat C, Blum C, et al. Aluminum encephalopathy: a potential risk of aluminum gels in children with chronic renal failure. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1981;2:2932. 17. Reusche E, Koch V, Friedrich HJ, et al. Correlation of drug-related aluminum intake and dialysis treatment with deposition of argyrophilic aluminum containing inclusions in CNS and other systems of patients with dialysis associated encephalopathy. Clin Neuropathol 1996;15:342347. 18. Russo LS, Beale G, Sandroni S, Ballinger WE. Aluminum intoxication in undialysed adults with chronic renal failure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:697700. 19. Alfrey AC, LeGendre GR, Kachney MD. The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome: possible aluminum intoxication. N Engl J Med 1976:294:184188. 20. Hoang-Xuan K, Perrotte P, Dubas F, et al. Myoclonic encephalopathy after aluminum exposure. Lancet 1996;347:910911. 21. Nakamura H, Rose PG, Blumer JL, et al. Acute encephalopathy due to aluminum toxicity successfully treated by intravenous deferoxamine and hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:296300. 22. Huang Y. Herman MM, Liu J, et al. Neurofibrillary lesions in experimental aluminum-induced encephalopathy and Alzheimers disease share immunoreactivity for amyloid precursor proteins beta, alpha l-antichymotrypsin and ubiquitin-protein conjugates. Brain Res 1997;771:213220. 23. Anghes JR, Schreader MT. EEG in dialysis encephalopathy. Neurology 1980;30:148154. 24. Lederman RJ, Henry CE. Progressive dialysis dementia. Ann Neurol 1978;4:199204. 25. Nadel AM, Wilson WP. Dialysis encephalopathy possible seizure disorder. Neurology 1976;26:11301134. 26. Rivera-Vasquez AB, Nuriega-Sanchez A, RamirezGonzales R, et al. Acute hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients: distinction from dialysis dementia. Nephron 1980;25:243246. 27. Pierides AM, Ward MK, Kerr DN. Hemodialysis encephalopathy: possible role of phosphate depletion. Lancet 1976;1:12341235. 28. Joshioka T, Itaki K, Kasai N. Uncontrollable convulsions responsive to pyridoxal phosphate in a uremic child. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1984;5:221222. 29. Matzke GR, Millikin SP. Influence of renal function and dialysis on drug disposition. In Evans WE, Schentag JJ, Jusko WJ (eds), Applied pharmacokinetics: principles of therapeutic drug monitoring (3rd ed). Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, 1992;149. 30. Levy RH, Thummel KE, Unadkat JD. Drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;1330. 31. Perucca ER, Richens A. Biotransformation. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995:3150. 32. Ramsay RE, DeToledo J. Acetazolamide. In Engel J, Pedley TA (eds), Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: LippincottRaven, 1998;14551462. 33. Richens A. Clinical pharmacokinetics of gabapentin. In Chadwick D (ed), New trends in epilepsy management: the role of gabapentin. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1993;4146. 34. Dodson WE, Rust RS. Phenobarbital: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;379397. 35. Reidenberg M, Drayer DE. Alteration of drug-protein binding in renal disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1984;9:1826. 36. Matzke GR, Flaherty FJ. Drug dosing in renal failure. In Young LY, Koda-Kimble MA (eds), Applied therapeutics : the clinical use of drugs (4th ed). Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, 1988;571586. 37. Blum MR, Rigelman S, Becker CE. Altered protein binding of diphenylhydantoin in uremic plasma. N Engl J Med 1972;286:109112. 38. Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Williamson PD, et al. Valproic acid in epilepsy: clinical and pharmacologic effects. Ann Neurol 1978;3:2025. 39. Vollmer KO, Von Hodenberg A, Kolle EV. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of gabapentin in rat, dog, and man. Arzneimittelforschung 1986;36:830839. 40. Browne TR, Szabo GK, McEntaget E, et al. Bioavail- ability studies of drugs with non-linear pharmacokinetics: II. Absolute bioavailability of intravenous phenytoin prodrug at therapeutic phenytoin serum concentration determined by double stable isotope technique. J Clin Pharmacol 1993;33:8994. 41. Rowland M, Tozer TN. Clinical pharmacokinetics: concepts and applications (2nd ed). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1989;238254. 42. Morselli PL. Carbamazepine: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;515528. 43. Kandrotas RF, Oles KS, Gal P, Love JM. Carbamazepine clearance in hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. DICP 1989;23:137140. 44. Clonazepam package insert. Basel, Switzerland: Roche Laboratories, Inc., 2000. 45. Bialer M, Xiaodoug S, Pesucca E. Ethosuximide: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;659666. 46. Marbury TC, Lee CC, Perchalski RJ. Hemodialysis clearance of ethosuximide in patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Hosp Pharm 1981;30:17571760. 47. Perhatch JL, Shumaker RC. Felbamate: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;807813. 48. Felbamate [package insert]. Cranbury, NJ: Wallace Laboratories, 2000. 49. Aweeka FT, Gottwald MD, Gambertoglio JG, et al. Pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin in patients with hepatic or renal disease. Epilepsia 1999;40:777782. 50. PubMed Search. July 22, 2000. 51. Blum RA, Comstock TJ, Sica DA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in subjects with various degrees of renal function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;56:154159. 52. Wong MO, Elson MA, Keane WF, et al. Disposition of gabapentin in anuric subjects on hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol 1995;35:622626. 53. Gabapentin [package insert]. New York: Pfizer, Inc., 2000. 54. Fillastre JP, Tabaret AM, Fialaire A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in patients with renal impairment: in hemodialysis. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993;19:2532. 55. Lamotrigine [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., 2000. 56. Patsalos PN. Pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam: toward ideal characteristics. Pharmacol Ther 2000;85:8788. 57. Levetiracetam [package insert]. Smyrna, GA: UCB Pharma Inc., 2000. 58. Oxcarbazepine package insert. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Co., 2000. 59. Rainter MJ, Gaus LM. Phenobarbital: clinical use. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;401408. 60. Porto I, John EG, Heilliczer J. Removal of phenobarbital during continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis in a child. Pharmacotherapy 1997;17:432435. 61. Browne TR. Phenytoin and other hydantoins. In Engel J, Pedley TA (eds), Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: LippincottRaven, 1998;15571580. 62. Martin E, Gambertoglio JG, Adler DS, et al. Removal of phenytoin by hemodialysis in uremic patients. JAMA 1977;238:17501753. 63. Czajlia PA, Anderson WA, Christoph RA, et al. A pharmacokinetic evaluation of peritoneal dialysis for phenytoin. J Clin Pharmacol 1980;20:565569. 64. Hays DP, Primack WA, Abrams IF. Phenytoin clearance by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1985;19:429431. 65. Liu E, Rubenstein M. Phenytoin removal by plasmapheresis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:782785. 66. Cloyd JC, Leppik IE. Primidone: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;459466. 67. Lee CS, Marbury TC, Perchalski RT, et al. Pharmacokinetics of primidone elimination by anuric patients. J Clin Pharmacol 1982;22:301308. 68. Streete JM, Berry DJ, Jones JA, et al. Clearance of phenylethylmalonamide during hemodialysis of a patient with renal failure. Ther Drug Monit 1980;12:281283. 69. Cato A, Gustauson LE, Oian J, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of tiagabine. Epilepsia 1998;39:4347. 70. Topiramate [package insert]. Raritan, NJ: OrthoMcNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc., 2000. 71. Levy RH, Shen DD. Valproic Acid: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;605620. 72. Bruni J, Wang LH, Marbury TC, et al. Protein binding of valproic acid in uremia patients. Neurology 1980;30:557559. 73. Scheyer RD, Mattson RH. Valproic Acid: interactions with other drugs. In Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (eds), Antiepileptic Drugs (4th ed). New York: Raven Press, 1995;621632. 74. Perracca E, Gatti G, Frigo GM, et al. Sodium valproate in epileptic patients. Br J Pharmacol 1978;5:495499. 75. Marbury TC, Lee CS, Brunni J, Wilder BJ. Hemodialysis of valproic acid in uremic patients. Dral Transpl 1980;9:961964. 76. Orr JM, Farrell K, Abbott FJ, et al. The effects of peritoneal dialysis on the single dose and steady state pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in a uremic epileptic child. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983;24:387390. 77. Leppik IE. Zonisamide. Epilepsia 1999;40[Suppl 5]:S23S29. 78. Zonisamide [package insert]. Dublin, Ireland: Elan Pharma, 2000. Adapted from: Browne TR. Renal disorders. In: Ettinger AB and Devinsky O, eds. Managing epilepsy and co-existing disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002;49-62. |
||||||
|
© 2008 Epilepsy.com/professionals. All rights reserved.
Site Map |
Privacy Statement |
Terms of Use |
Problems? Email webmaster@epilepsytdp.org
|