Author: MA Goldstein and CL Harden
Seizures associated with Lyme disease are treated via routine antiepileptic management principles.
Antibiotic treatment regimens for Lyme disease vary according to stage and differ for adults and children:
| Lyme disease stage |
Treatment options |
| Erythema migrans and systemic symptoms |
| Adults |
- Amoxicillin 500 mg p.o. probenecid
500 mg t.i.d. 2–4 wks
- Doxycycline 100 mg b.i.d. 2–4 wks
- Cefuroxime 500 mg b.i.d.2–4 wks
|
| Children |
- Amoxicillin 25–50 mg/kg/day 2–4 wks
- Erythromycin 30 mg/kg/day 2–4 wks
- Cefuroxime 250 mg b.i.d.2–4 wks
|
| Early neurologic involvement |
| Facial palsy alone |
Oral antibiotics, same treatment as above |
| All others |
| Adults |
- Ceftriaxone 2 g/day i.v 2–4 wks
- Cefotaxime 2 g i.v. t.i.d.2–4 wks
- Penicillin G 20 million U/day i.v.10–14 days
- Doxycycline 100 mg p.o.
b.i.d.2–4 wks
|
| Children |
- Ceftriaxone 75–100 mg/kg i.v. 2–4 wks
- Penicillin G 300,000
U/kg/day i.v. 10–14 days
|
| Late neurologic involvement |
| Adults |
- Penicillin, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime i.v., same treatment as for early involvement
- Doxycycline 100–200 mg
p.o. b.i.d. 30 days
|
| Children |
- Penicillin or ceftriaxone i.v., same treatment as for early involvement
|
Antibiotic treatment regimens Table adapted from L Reik. Lyme Disease. In WM Scheld, RJ Whitley, DT Durack (eds), Infections of the Central Nervous System. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven, 1997;685–718; DW Rahn, MW Felz. Lyme disease update. Postgraduate Medicine 1998;103:51–70; JR Miller. Spirochete Infections: Lyme Disease. In LP Rowland (ed), Merritt’s Textbook of Neurology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995;209–211.
Adapted from: Goldstein MA and Harden CL. Infectious states. In: Ettinger AB and Devinsky O, eds. Managing epilepsy and co-existing disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002;83-133.
With permission from Elsevier (www.elsevier.com).
Reviewed and revised March 2004 by Steven C. Schachter, MD, epilepsy.com Editorial Board.